Khmer Learning(14)

VIII. Punctuation (Huffman, 1970)

1. Khan ( . )

This is Cambodian full stop. It occurs less frequently than the full stop in English. It can be at the end of a single sentence or several sentences dealing with a single topic.

2. baariyaosaan ( .l )

baariyaosaan is a full stop that marks the the entire end of a chapter or an entire text.

3. Laq (.l. )

Laq is used to indicate et cetera.

4. Leiktoo ( [ )

Leiktoo is used to indicate that the word or phrase after which it occurs is to be repeated.

Khmer Learning(13)

5. Robaat rZaT ( ` )

Robaat is the reflex of an origanal /r/ in Sanskrit words.

1. In most words, when the (robaat) occurs over a final cononant, both the consonant and the robaat are not pronounced.
2. In some cases, the effect of the robaat is to change the vowel/OO/ to /Oe/.
3. When the robaat appears over a medial consoant, the robaat is pronouced.

Khmer Learning(11)

4. Sanyok-sanha សាំយោគសញ្ញា ( ័ )

1. Sanyok-sanha has the same value as the (- a ). It is used in a certain words which borrowed from Pali or Sakrit. Usually, if the final consonant is silent, the words can be spelled with different way.
2. If the sanyok-sanha plus a final y, it is pronounced (ai) in the first series and (ei) in the second series.
3. If the s sanyok-sanha plus a final ( r ) /r/, it is pronouced ( oa).

Khmer Learning(10)

3. Mousekatoan មូសិកទន្ត ( ៉ )ឬ សម្លាប់ពីរ

1. Mousekatoan is used to convert six of the second series consonants ង ញ ម យ រ and វ which has no second series counterparts to first series consonants ង៉ ញ៉ ម៉ យ៉ រ៉ and វ៉ .

2. Mousekatoan is used to convert a first series consonant ប to ប៉ and from which ប៉ has the conterpart in the second series ព .

4. Sanyok-sanha សាំយោគសញ្ញា ( ័ )

Khmer Learning(9)

2. Treysap ត្រីស័ព្ទ ( ៊ )​ ឬ សក់ក

Treysap is used to convert four of the first series consonants ស ហ ប and អ which have no second series counterpart to the second series consonant ស៊ ហ៊ ប៊ and អ៊ .

3. Mousekatoan មូសិកទន្ត ( ៉ )ឬ សម្លាប់ពីរ

Khmer Learning(8)

VII. Diacritic (Huffman, 1970)

1. The Bantaq បន្តក់ ( ់ )

Diacritic Bantaq occurs on the top of the final consonant of a syllable and it is used to shorten the vowel of that syllable. All Khmer consonant there is an inherent vowel. The inherent vowel for first series consonant is /AA/ and second consonant is /OO/.

1. In a syllable with invisible vowe, bantaq signalls the short inherent vowel. Froexample, vowel /AA/ change to /A/ after afirst series consoant, and /OO/ change to /u/ or /u(e/ after the second series consonant.
2. The vowel ( ា ) /aa/ followed by the Bantaq ( ់) will pronounced shorter /a/ after the first series consoant and after the second series consonant, vowel ( -ា ) /aa/ is pronounced /o(e/ or /e(e/.

2. Treysap ត្រីស័ព្ទ ( ៊ )​ ឬ សក់ក

Khmer Learning(7)

VI. Independent Vowel
Independent vowels are known as /sraq phn) tue/ (complete vowel) becasue they incorporate both an initial consonant and a vowel. In the table below, independent vowel from 1 to 5 and 10 to 11 include an initial /q-/ and are listed in the official dictionary along with other words that are spelled with an initial អ and the equivalent vowel. Independent vowel 6 and 7 include an initial /r/ and are listed in the official dictionary along with an initial រ and the equivalent vowel. Independent vowel 8 and 9 includes an initial /l/ and are listed in the official dictionary along with an initial consonant . (Huffman, 1970)

Independent Vowels	Name of Independent Vowels	Value of Independent Vowels
ឥ	sraq e	qe
ឦ	sraq ey	qey
ឧ	sraq o	qo
ឳ	sraq ao	qao
ឧ	sraq ew	qew
ឫ	sraq rhk	rhk
ឬ	sraq rhh	rhh
ឭ	sraq lhk	lhk
ឮ	sraq lhh	lhh
ឯ	sraq ae	qae
ឰ	sraq ay	qay

VII. Diacritic

1. The Bantaq បន្តក់ ( ់ )